等待中的谓词在循环中使用notify时只调用一次

Predicate in wait only called once when using notify in loop

本文关键字：调用 一次 notify 谓词 循环 等待      更新时间：2023-10-16

在一个线程的循环中对条件变量调用notify_once方法时，另一个线程中的wait方法似乎只检查它一次谓词。示例代码如下所示：

int someNumber = 0;
mutex numberMutex;
condition_variable cv;
void waitFunction()
{
  unique_lock<mutex> lock(numberMutex);
  auto duration = chrono::seconds(5);
  // Predicate is only called once?
  cv.wait_for(lock, duration, []() {
    cout << "Checking condition: 10 == " << someNumber << 'n';
    return someNumber == 10;
  });
  cout << "Done with this thread...n" << flush;
}
int main()
{
  thread waiter(waitFunction);
  for (size_t number = 0; number != 50; ++number)
  {
    {
      lock_guard<mutex> guard(numberMutex);
      someNumber = number;
    }
    cv.notify_one();
  }
  waiter.join();
}

执行此程序会产生以下输出

Checking condition: 10 == 49
Checking condition: 10 == 49
Done with this thread...

而我希望它在每次迭代时检查条件。

这怎么可能？

信号线程不会等待接收到信号。

这意味着在主循环重复并再次递增之前，等待线程可能没有机会唤醒。

您有一个"普通"的竞争条件（虽然不是语言级别的数据竞争，所以没有UB）。

这里有一个反例。根据您平台的速度和日程安排，以下内容：

在Coliru上直播 

#include <condition_variable>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
int someNumber = 0;
mutex numberMutex;
condition_variable cv;
void waitFunction() {
    unique_lock<mutex> lock(numberMutex);
    auto duration = chrono::seconds(5);
    // Predicate is only called once?
    cv.wait_for(lock, duration, []() {
        cout << "Checking condition: 10 == " << someNumber << 'n';
        return someNumber == 10;
    });
    cout << "Done with this thread...n" << flush;
}
int main() {
    thread waiter(waitFunction);
    for (size_t number = 0; number != 50; ++number) {
        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(1));
        {
            lock_guard<mutex> guard(numberMutex);
            someNumber = number;
            std::cout << "notif: " << number  << "n";
            cv.notify_one();
        }
    }
    waiter.join();
}

可能会打印出类似以下内容：

Checking condition: 10 == 0
notif: 0
Checking condition: 10 == 0
notif: 1
Checking condition: 10 == 1
notif: 2
Checking condition: 10 == 2
notif: 3
Checking condition: 10 == 3
notif: 4
Checking condition: 10 == 4
notif: 5
Checking condition: 10 == 5
notif: 6
Checking condition: 10 == 6
notif: 7
Checking condition: 10 == 7
notif: 8
Checking condition: 10 == 8
notif: 9
Checking condition: 10 == 9
notif: 10
Checking condition: 10 == 10
Done with this thread...
notif: 11
notif: 12
notif: 13
notif: 14
notif: 15
notif: 16
notif: 17
notif: 18
notif: 19
notif: 20
notif: 21
notif: 22
notif: 23
notif: 24
notif: 25
notif: 26
notif: 27
notif: 28
notif: 29
notif: 30
notif: 31
notif: 32
notif: 33
notif: 34
notif: 35
notif: 36
notif: 37
notif: 38
notif: 39
notif: 40
notif: 41
notif: 42
notif: 43
notif: 44
notif: 45
notif: 46
notif: 47
notif: 48
notif: 49

基本原理

如果您需要双向通信，请设置一个标志以向主线程发出返回信号（例如，使用不同的条件变量）

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