C++程序调用 C 函数 在 g++ 链接期间获取未定义的引用

C++ program calling C Function Getting Undefined References During g++ linking

本文关键字:获取 未定义 引用 链接 g++ 调用 程序 函数 C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我有一个简单的C++程序,可以调用C函数。 当我链接 2 个对象文件以创建C++可执行文件时,我收到许多"未定义的引用"错误和单个"对 svrport 的多个引用"错误。 我有以下文件 chorusmain.cpp, chorusclient.c, and chorusclient.h. chorusmain.cpp 调用 chorusclient.c 中的函数。 chorusclient.c非常大,我在2年前写了它。 我现在需要在C++应用程序中使用这些函数,并且不想重新编写C++并重新调试代码。 我将chorusclient.c重构为一组可调用的函数。 为简单起见,我将代码简化为仅包含重要组件。

合唱客户

#include <...>
#include "chorusclient.h"
int my_C_Function()
{
...
}

合唱团

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
int my_C_Function();
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

合唱.cpp

#include <...>
#include "chorusclient.h"
int main(int argc, char *arvg[])
{
...
my_C_Function();
...
}

这是 gcc/g++ 构建和链接命令,

gcc -c -o chorusclient.o chorusclient.c -I/usr/include/json-c - 
I/usr/include/openssl -I/usr/include -I. -I. -lssl -lcrypto -ljson-c
g++ -c -o chorusmain.o chorusmain.cpp -I/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++ -I. - 
I/usr/include/qt4/QtCore -I/usr/include/qt4/QtGui -I/usr/include/qt4 - 
I/usr/include -I. -I. -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread
g++ -o ChorusMain chorusclient.o chorusmain.o

我在前 2 个 gcc/g++ 版本中没有收到任何错误。 在 g++ 链接期间,我收到以下未定义的引用错误,

debian@beaglebone:~/Projects/CloudClient$ ls
chorusclient.c  chorusclient.h  chorusclient.o  chorusmain.cpp  chorusmain.o
debian@beaglebone:~/Projects/CloudClient$ g++ -o ChorusMain chorusmain.o chorusclient.o
chorusclient.o:(.data+0x0): multiple definition of `svrport'
chorusmain.o:(.data+0x0): first defined here
chorusclient.o: In function `chorusServices':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x408): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_init_crypto'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x416): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_init_crypto'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x41c): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_config'
chorusclient.o: In function `httpSend':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c2c): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_init_ssl'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c3a): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_init_ssl'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c4c): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_init_ssl'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c50): undefined reference to `TLSv1_2_client_method'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c58): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_new'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c62): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_options'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1c7e): undefined reference to `ERR_print_errors_fp'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1ca0): undefined reference to `SSL_new'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1caa): undefined reference to `SSL_set_fd'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1cb0): undefined reference to `SSL_connect'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1ce4): undefined reference to `SSL_get_peer_certificate'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1cec): undefined reference to `X509_get_subject_name'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1cfa): undefined reference to `X509_NAME_oneline'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d1a): undefined reference to `X509_get_issuer_name'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d28): undefined reference to `X509_NAME_oneline'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d3e): undefined reference to `X509_free'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d4a): undefined reference to `SSL_get_current_cipher'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d52): undefined reference to `SSL_CIPHER_get_name'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d80): undefined reference to `SSL_write'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1d90): undefined reference to `SSL_read'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1df2): undefined reference to `SSL_read'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1e8e): undefined reference to `SSL_free'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x1e9a): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_free'
chorusclient.o: In function `jsonBatteryData':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21a8): undefined reference to `json_object_new_object'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21b2): undefined reference to `json_object_new_string'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21be): undefined reference to `json_object_new_string'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21ca): undefined reference to `json_object_new_string'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21d8): undefined reference to `json_object_new_double'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21e6): undefined reference to `json_object_new_double'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x21f4): undefined reference to `json_object_new_double'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2202): undefined reference to `json_object_new_double'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2210): undefined reference to `json_object_new_double'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2220): undefined reference to `json_object_object_add'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x222e): undefined reference to `json_object_object_add'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x223c): undefined reference to `json_object_object_add'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x224a): undefined reference to `json_object_object_add'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2258): undefined reference to `json_object_object_add'
chorusclient.o:chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2266): more undefined references to `json_object_object_add' follow
chorusclient.o: In function `jsonBatteryData':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2292): undefined reference to `json_object_to_json_string'
chorusclient.o: In function `blockencrypt':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x22de): undefined reference to `EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x22ee): undefined reference to `EVP_aes_256_cbc'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x22fe): undefined reference to `EVP_EncryptInit_ex'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x231a): undefined reference to `EVP_EncryptUpdate'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x233c): undefined reference to `EVP_EncryptFinal_ex'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2354): undefined reference to `EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free'
chorusclient.o: In function `decrypt':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2370): undefined reference to `EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2380): undefined reference to `EVP_aes_256_cbc'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2390): undefined reference to `EVP_DecryptInit_ex'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x23ac): undefined reference to `EVP_DecryptUpdate'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x23ce): undefined reference to `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex'
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x23e6): undefined reference to `EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free'
chorusclient.o: In function `handleErrors':
chorusclient.c:(.text+0x2404): undefined reference to `ERR_print_errors_fp'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
debian@beaglebone:~/Projects/CloudClient$

当我创建一个调用 chorusclient.c 的简单 C 程序并构建一个链接时,我没有收到未定义的引用错误,并且程序可以正常工作。 有什么想法吗?

你说你有:

gcc -c -o chorusclient.o chorusclient.c -I/usr/include/json-c 
-I/usr/include/openssl -I/usr/include -I. -I. -lssl -lcrypto -ljson-c
g++ -c -o chorusmain.o chorusmain.cpp -I/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++ -I. 
-I/usr/include/qt4/QtCore -I/usr/include/qt4/QtGui -I/usr/include/qt4 
-I/usr/include -I. -I. -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread
g++ -o ChorusMain chorusclient.o chorusmain.o

编译以创建目标文件时列出库;尝试链接可执行文件时不列出库。 这些库在创建对象文件时无关紧要 — 它们在链接可执行文件时至关重要。

因此,您需要更多类似的东西:

gcc -Wall -Werror -c -o chorusclient.o chorusclient.c -I/usr/include/json-c 
-I/usr/include/openssl -I/usr/include -I. 
g++ -Wall -Werror -c -o chorusmain.o chorusmain.cpp -I/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++ 
-I/usr/include/qt4/QtCore -I/usr/include/qt4/QtGui -I/usr/include/qt4 
-I/usr/include -I.
g++ -o ChorusMain chorusclient.o chorusmain.o -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread -lssl -lcrypto -ljson-c

我不相信你需要-I/usr/include,而且你通常不需要-I.(除非你坚持使用#include <chorusclient.h>而不是#include "chorusclient.h"),而且你绝对不需要重复-I.

您可能需要对链接中的库列表重新排序 - 最好-lpthread放在末尾。

我添加了-Wall -Werror选项,因为除非它至少在这些选项下干净地编译,否则您不应该尝试运行代码(我会在我的代码中添加更多内容 - 这足以说明这一点)。

我有点惊讶你需要-I/usr/include/openssl行;你应该使用#include <openssl/ssl.h>等(用于OpenSSL标头)这样你就不需要-I/usr/include/openssl命令行选项吗? 同样,也许,使用Qt和JSON-C标头?

另一个问题是你有一个对象 - 可能是一个全局变量 - 称为svrportchorusclient.ochorusmain.o中定义。 这意味着通过某种机制,您可以在两个源文件中定义(而不是声明)相同的对象。 这可能是因为它是在标头中定义而不是声明的(但代码中未显示)。 或者可能是因为您在两个源文件中都定义了它。 如果它需要是一个全局变量,它应该在标头中声明并在其中一个源文件中定义(可能是chorusclient.c,因为chorusclient.h标头声明它),而不是在另一个源文件中定义。