C++概念:如何使用'concept'检查模板化结构的属性?

C++ Concepts: How to use 'concept' to check the property of a templated struct?

本文关键字:结构 属性 concept 概念 何使用 C++ 检查      更新时间:2023-10-16

我目前正在试验新的c++2a"概念"功能。我下面代码的目标是检查模板结构的某些属性。由于第一个模板参数是为要检查的类型"保留"的,因此在没有requires表达式或手动指定模板参数的情况下,我很难使用该概念。这不是什么大不了的事,但我喜欢concept表示法,因为它很清晰。有办法解决这个问题吗?

编译器

gcc-g++-10.0 (GCC) 10.0.1 20200119 (experimental)
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

编译命令

g++-10.0 -std=c++2a file.cc

代码


#include <concepts>
/// Struct has template arguments and a property that can be checked in a concept.
template <bool a> struct A {
constexpr static bool property() noexcept { return a; }
};
template <typename T, bool a> concept hasProp = std::is_same_v<T, A<a>> && A<a>::property();
template <bool a> requires hasProp<A<a>, a> void works(A<a> c) {} 
template <bool a, hasProp<a> c> void deductionError(c d) {};
// This is a sketch of what I'd like to do:
// template <A<a, b> Class, bool a, bool b> concept hasProp = Class::property;
int main() {
A<true> a;
A<false> b;
works(a);
//works(b); //doesn't compile as the constraint is not fulfilled, which is desired.
//deductionError(a); // I get why this deduction error occurs, but is it possible to do this
// in a clean way using concepts without having so specify template arguments?
}

救援的部分类模板专业化:

template<class T> 
struct HasProp : std::false_type{};
template<bool a>
struct HasProp<A<a>> : std::integral_constant<bool, A<a>::property()>
{};
template <class T> 
concept hasProp = HasProp<T>::value;
template <bool a> 
requires hasProp<A<a>>
void works(A<a>) {}
template<hasProp C> 
void deductionError(C){} // no longer a deductionError

Demo


这确实(也许不必要(将您的概念直接与A联系起来。

你可以这样做(就像@Barry回答的那样(:

template <class T> 
concept hasProp = T::property();

Demo2

您真的需要连接到A吗?

template <typename T> concept hasProp = T::property();
template <bool a> requires hasProp<A<a>> void works(A<a>); // ok
template <hasProp C> void deductionError(C);               // also ok

如果你确实需要搭配,你可以将其完全本地添加到hasProp:

// unfortunately this is hard to generalize due to the non-type template parameter
template <typename T> struct is_A : std::false_type { };
template <bool b> struct is_A<A<b>> : std::true_type { };
template <typename T> concept hasProp = is_A<T>::value && T::property();
// ... and the rest works as before
template <bool a> requires hasProp<A<a>> void works(A<a>); // ok
template <hasProp C> void deductionError(C);               // also ok

无论哪种方式,hasProp都应该只采用一种类型。